November 30, 2013

Could this sum happen by chance?

How the observed value compares with real history and with fair, independent random draws.

Draw sum

177

Within real history

43.5%

of historical values were ≥ observed

In simulated random history

49.1%

of 2000 simulated histories (seed 20260601)

A sum this high is within the range you'd expect from chance alone. Historical frequency does not change the odds of any future draw.

Past frequency never changes the odds of a future draw — this only describes how remarkable the observation is.