September 15, 2012

Could this sum happen by chance?

How the observed value compares with real history and with fair, independent random draws.

Draw sum

140

Within real history

74.1%

of historical values were ≥ observed

In simulated random history

81.5%

of 2000 simulated histories (seed 20260601)

A sum this high is common — it occurred in 74% of comparable cases. Nothing unusual here.

Past frequency never changes the odds of a future draw — this only describes how remarkable the observation is.